我们把在长句难句阅读中生成正确的意群停顿叫断句。正确的断句分析叫做语块。我们设计的语块标识有< >状语或状语从句；[ ]定语或定语从句；｛ ｝名词性结构或名词性从句；| 并列结构或并列句；【 】层次，等等。
语块标识不包括主谓宾补这几个句子成分，是因为这几种句子成分在英汉两种语言中句序差不多，很少引起理解障碍。
考试时的阅读叫泛读，对于少数生词和短语，只要不影响答题，就不要纠缠。但在讲评学习时一定要深入探究，不能“水过鸭背、囫囵吞枣、食而不化”，这就是精读，也就是要“语块词句懂彻底”。
2022 全国卷I B篇
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
第1段：<Like most of us>, I try to be mindful of food [that goes to waste]. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, <rounding out a roast chicken dinner>. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken <in the freezer>. But <as days passed>, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much: I could have made six salads <with what I threw out>.
1. <Like most of us>, I try to be mindful of food [that goes to waste].
<Like most of us>是介词短语做方式状语，[that goes to waste]是定语从句修饰先行词food。be mindful of注意、介意，相当于mind。
2. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, <rounding out a roast chicken dinner>.
was to make是be+不定式表将来，<rounding out......>是分词短语做伴随情况状语，相当于and round out，可理解为<“准备做”a roast chicken dinner>。
3. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
这是两个简单句。end up是结果，后来的意思。 call with 呼叫，打电话喊
4. I stuck the chicken <in the freezer>. But <as days passed>, the arugula went bad.
这也是两个简单句。<in the freezer>是地点状语。
<as days passed>是时间状语从句。
5. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much: I could have made six salads <with what I threw out>. buy way too much买太多了
:冒号相当于and引导的并列句； could have made是表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；<with what I threw out>是方式状语。“用｛我所扔掉的(芝麻菜) ｝本来可以做6份沙拉”。
第二段：<In a world [where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry’>, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” [as Elizabeth Royte writes <in this month’s cover story>]. It’s jaw-dropping {how much perfectly good food is thrown away}—<from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables [rejected by grocers] to large amounts of uneaten dishes [thrown into restaurant garbage cans]>.
1. <In a world [where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry>, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” [as Elizabeth Royte writes <in this month’s cover story>].
这是一个含as引导非限制性定语从句的主从复合句：正如Elizabeth Royte<在本月的封面故事中>写到：
主句前面的地点状语<In a world......>中，有一个where引导的定语从句：<在一个[将近800,000,000(八亿) 人口挨饿的]世界里>，“浪费食物是与道德品质相违背的”。注意第2段还是第一层次，后面继续列举浪费食物的例子，与涉及第二层次论点的25题设问是无关的。
2. It’s jaw-dropping {how much perfectly good food is thrown away}—<from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables [rejected by grocers] to large amounts of uneaten dishes [thrown into restaurant garbage cans]>.
这是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句It’s jaw-dropping接一个how much引导的主语从句，前面的it是形式主语。jaw-dropping adj.惊人的，惊得掉下腭的。
破折号后是个<from......to......>的介词短语做状语，表示范围。
介词from......to.....的宾语又分别用[rejected by grocers]和[thrown into restaurant garbage cans]两个表被动得过去分词短语所修饰。
from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables [rejected by grocers]，从外形不佳（但完全可以吃）、[被食品商拒收的]蔬菜。
to large amounts of uneaten dishes [thrown into restaurant garbage cans]，到[被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的]、大量未吃过的菜肴。
第三段：Producing food [that no one eats] wastes the water, fuel, and other resources [used to grow it]. That makes food waste an environmental problem. <In fact>, Royte writes, {“<if food waste were a country>, it would be the third largest producer [of greenhouse gases] <in the world>.”}
1. Producing food [that no one eats] wastes the water, fuel, and other resources [used to grow it].
主体结构是Producing food...... wastes the water, fuel, and other resources......。
[that no one eats]是定语从句修饰food，[used to grow it]是过去分词做定语修饰resources。
2. That makes food waste an environmental problem.
that指上一句的wastes the water, fuel, and other resources，也可改为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
3. <In fact>, Royte writes, {“<if food waste were a country>, it would be the third largest producer [of greenhouse gases] <in the world>.”}
writes后面是个直接引语做宾语从句，其中又有主句和从句。
从句是一个if引导、表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气条件句：如果把食物浪费是个国家。
主句would be 是表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。
[of greenhouse gases]是介词短语做定语修饰producer：将会是世界是第三大温室气体排放大户。
第四段：<If that’s hard to understand>, let’s keep it as simple <as the arugula [at the back of my refrigerator]>. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — || but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries [nearing their last days]. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., [which recovers food | and turns it into healthy meals]. <Last year> it recovered more <than 807,500 pounds of food> <by taking donations | and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce [that otherwise would have rotted in fields]>. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze | or dry them <for use in meals down the road>.
1. <If that’s hard to understand>, let’s keep it as simple <as the arugula [at the back of my refrigerator]>. 前面一个If条件句，后面一个as......as引导的比较状语从句。
<如果这很难理解>，让我们使它简单得<像[还在我冰箱里的]芝麻菜>。
2. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story <all the time> — || but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries [nearing their last days].
这是一个but引导的并列复合句。
主句：Mike Curtin总是看到像我的芝麻菜这样的情况。
从句：但对他来说，（看到的）是多至12箱临近过期受捐赠的草莓。
3. Curtin is CEO [of DC Central Kitchen] <in Washington, D.C.>, [which recovers food | and turns it into healthy meals].
主句：Curtin是<位于华盛顿D.C.>[DC Central Kitchen的]CEO。
从句是which引导的非限制性定语从句：这家工厂回购食物并使其变成健康食品。
4. <Last year> it recovered {more than 807,500 pounds of food} <by taking donations | and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce [that otherwise would have rotted in fields]>. 这是一个复杂的简单句，后部分是一两个并列的方式状语。
主句：去年这家工厂回购了807,500多磅的食物;
第1种方式是：by taking donations，接受捐赠;
第2种方式是：by collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce，收集残次品；
第2种方式又接一个定语从句：[that otherwise would have rotted in fields]，
合起来：收集[不然会腐烂在田地里的]残次品。
would have rotted是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
5. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze | or dry them <for use in meals [down the road]>.
And the strawberries? 是 And (waht will volunteers do with) the strawberries的省略。
第2个简单句中有四个用or并列的谓语动词：志愿者会草莓进行冲洗、切割、冷藏或烘干。后面的介词for引出目的状语：用于[以后的]餐饮。down the road，以后，将来。
第五段：Such methods seem obvious, <yet so often we just don’t think>. “Everyone can play a part <in reducing waste>, <whether <by not purchasing more food <than necessary <in your weekly shopping>> | or <by asking restaurants to not include the side dish [you won’t eat]>>.” Curtin says.
1. Such methods seem obvious, <yet so often we just don’t think>.
yet引导让步状语从句：这样的方法很明显，然而人们往往想不到。
2. “Everyone can play a part <in reducing waste>, <whether <by not purchasing more food [than necessary] <in your weekly shopping>> | or <by asking restaurants to not include the side dish [you won’t eat]>>.” Curtin says.
这是个由主句Curtin says引导的、前置直接引语做宾语从句而引起的倒装句。
宾语从句：
1) Everyone can play a part <in reducing waste>, 每个人都以在减少浪费方面起作用。
2) whether引导的让步状语从句中又有两个by引导的方式状语。
3) <by not purchasing more food [than necessary] <in your weekly shopping>>
<用<在每周购物时>不购买[比实际需要还多的]食物（的方式）>。
4) or <by asking restaurants to not include the side dish [you won’t eat]>.
或者<用要求餐馆不要附加[你不吃的]小碟（的方式）>。
24. What does the author want to show <by telling the arugula story>?
（推理判断题）作者通过这个芝麻菜的故事想表明什么？
A. We pay little attention to food waste. 没注意食物浪费
B. We waste food unintentionally at times. 有时不经意地浪费食物
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. 浪费蔬菜比肉类多
D. We have good reasons for wasting food. 浪费有理
25. What is a consequence [of food waste] <according to the text>?（事实细节题）
按照这段文章，食物浪费的后果是什么？
A. Moral decline. 道德水下下降
B. Environmental harm. 破坏生态（耗费能源和资源）
C. Energy shortage. 能源短缺
D. Worldwide starvation. 全球饥饿
26. What does Curtin’s company do?（事实细节题）
Curtin的公司是做什么的？
A. It produces kitchen equipment. 生产厨具
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. 把腐烂的芝麻菜变成清洁燃料
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. 帮助农民种水果
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food. 从不要的食物中生产餐品
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?（事实细节题）
Curtin建议人们怎样做?
A. Buy only what is needed. 只买够吃的食物
B. Reduce food consumption. 减少食物消费
C. Go shopping once a week. 每周只购物一次
D. Eat in restaurants less often. 不常去餐馆
谢谢浏览全文！
（完）